 "Weather By Giannetta" |
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| "Weather By Giannetta" |
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"Charles A. Giannetta"
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* * Gini & Charlie's Weather & Meteorology Glossary Page * *
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"W"
MORE TEXT TO COME
Waning Moon: To grow...The amount of the Moon surface that can be seen each day.
More text to come.
Wavelenght: Is measured from "Crest to Crest" or "Trough to Trough".
Waxing Moon: Shrinking. The amount of the Moon's surface that can be seen shrinks each day.
1. Weather Charts: 1000-500 mb Thickness Chart: On this chart the 5400 thickness contour is an indicator of snow.
Example: 500 mm Temp. = -23 850 mb Dew Point = 7
850 mb Temp. = -10 700 mb Temp. = 20, Dew Point = 10.
---- Depression = 10.
Difference = -13
K-Index = -13 +7 = -6 + 10 = +4 = K-Index.
Weather Element:
Weather Instruments Used In Taking Weather Observations:
Warm Air: Rides over cold air.
Warm Air:
Warm Air Advection: The horizontal transfer of warm air to cold air.
Warm Air Occlusion: When warm air overtakes and replaces warm air.
Warm Air Occlusion Symbol: 
Warm Core Weather Systems: Weather systems with the air at their center warmer than the surrounding air.
Warm Front: When warm air replaces cold air.
Warm Front Symbol: 
Warm Sector: The area of warm air.
Watch: Issued by the National Weather Service when there is a potential for severe weather:
Watch Box: Issued by the National Weather Service when there is a potential for severe weather:
Wave Cyclone: A low pressure or "Cyclone" which forms along a front.
Water Equivalant: The amount of liquid measured on the ground from snow, ice and frozen precipitation.
Water In 3 Stages:Solid: Liquid: Gas:
Water: H2O Water: H20. 2 parts Hydrogen 1 part water.
Water Pollution: When water is now longer to drink or swim in.
Water: Pure: Pure water is oderless, colorless and tasteless. Has a PH of 7.
Water Spout: A tornado over water.
Water Table: The level below the earth's surface where water is located.
Water Vapor:The amount of moisture the air. Water in the vapor form.
Expressed as: Vapor Pressure/Vapor Pressure Mixing Ratio/Relative Humidity. The amount of moisture present in the atmosphere
at a given temperature. Also expressed as: Saturation Vapor Pressure/ Saturation Mixing Ratio/Relative Humidity as to how
much moisture the atmosphere can hold at a given temperature. The maximun amout of moisture the atmosphere can hold is 4 percent.
50 Degs...70 Degs...90 Degs.
MORE TEXT TO COME.
The conditions observed in a weather observation such as: Temperature/RH/Wind/Air Pressure/Dew Point/
Weather:The state of the atmosphere at a given location at a given time.
Weather Acronyms:
Weather Balloon: A large balloon filled with helium connected to a "Radiosonde" which is sent aloft to determine the wind speed/wind direction/temperature/pressure/humidity up
to 100,000+ feet which is tracked by electronic ground equipment.
2. Weather Charts: K-Index Chart: This chart indicates the chance of thunderstorms. A K-Index of 26 indicates a chance of thunderstorms.
32 is a good chance and 36 is likely.
To compute the "K-INDEX": (500mb Temp - 850mb Temp) + 850 mb Dew Point - 700mb Temp/Dewpoint Depression.
3. Precipitable Water Chart:
1.15 The top number is the amount of water in hundredths of inches.
----
97 The Bottom number is the percent of normal for that time of year.
Sky condition/Visibility/Runway Visual Range/Obscurations.
Observing Wind Direction & Wind Speed.
2. Anemometer:
1. Aerovane:
Weather Modification: To change of alter the weather.
"Weather Service Offices"
1. WSCMO:..Weather Service Contract Meteorological Observatory.
Weather Shelter:
Weather Systems: Warm Core: Hurricanes are "Warm Core" systems. The air at their center is warmer than the surrounding air.
Weather Warnings:Weather Warnings are issued by the National Weather Service when hazardous weather is possible or
Weight Of A column Of Air On Earth: 14.7 Lbs per sq. inch....29.92 inches of Mercury....1013.20 Millibars.
Wind: Tail Wind: When the wind is to your back.
"Wind"
1. Wind: Light & variable. = 0-5 mph.
2. Wind: Breezy = 15-25 mph.
3. Windy: Windy = 20-30mph.
4. Wind: Very Windy = 30-40 mph.
5. Wind: Strong = 40 mph.
6. Wing: Gale Force = 62-74 mph
7. Wind: Hurricane = 74+ mph.
1 Wind: Admiral Francis Beaufort. Admiral In the British Navy.
Invented the "Beaufort Wind Scale" 1806.
2 Wind: Advetions
3 Wind: Air in motion. Causes of wind.
4 Wind: Aircraft: landing & Take offs.
5 Wind: At the end of airpot runways.
6 Wind: CAT" Clear Air Turbulence.
7 Wind: Chinook Wind. Warm & dry. Indian Meaning: Snow Eater.
8 Wind: Chinook: Called (Foehn) downslope speeds of 100 mph.
9 Wind: Cold air move towards warm air.
10 Wind: Eddies. CAT: Clear Air Turbulence.
11 Wind: Fallout form atomic explosions.
12 Wind: Fire Weather Forecast.
13 Wind: Florida. State with most thunderstorms.
14 Wind: Florida: Converging. Land/Sea Breeze.
15 Wind: Flying Kites.
16 Wind: Force on Tall Mountains: Tall Buildings
17 Wind: Force: Pressure
18 Wind: Forecasts for aviation.
19 Wind: Gusts. Squall.
20 Wind: High Pressure moves towrds low pressure.
21 Wind: High Wind Warning. 40mph or greater.
22 Wind: Hurricane. 74 mph
23 Wind: Jet Winds.
24 Wind: Katabatic. Cold & Dry.
25 Wind: Land Breeze. Nighttime
26 Wind: Lidar: Small laser beam 0f infrared light.
27 Wind: Light & variable wind 0-5 mph. Breezy 15-25 mph
28 Wind: Location of wind measuring equipment. 30+ ft up.
29 Wind: Low to the Left in the Northern Hemisphere
30 Wind: Macrbursts. A downburst that affects a path on the
31 Wind: ground longer than 2.5 miles.
Meridional: N-S, S-N. More violent Weather.
32 Wind: Microbursts. A downburst the affects a path on the
ground shorter that 2.5 miles.
33 Wind: Monsoon. Change in wind direction.
34 Wind: Mountain Breeze. Nighttime. Cold.
35 Wind: Mountain Waves. Rotor Winds
36 Wind: Mt. Washington, New Hempshire. 6,288ft.
37 Wind: Mt. Washington. Wind speed in April 1934, 239 MPH
38 Wind: Noreasters. Causes much shore damage.
39 Wind: One minute average.
40 Wind: Onshore. Offshore.
41 Wind: Oscillating Currents
42 Wind: Pilot Balloon. 10 gram. 100 gram. Red. White. Black
43 Wind: Planting Trees and bushes.
44 Wind: Pollution and radiation. Chemical spills.
45 Wind: Prevailing Wind.
46 Wind: Profiler.
47 Wind: Radiosonde Baloon.
48 Wind: Santa Ana Wind. High Pressure. Southern California.
49 Wind: Santa Ana Wind: Down sloping. Helps Fan fires.
50 Wind: Santa Ana: warm & Dry.
51 Wind: Sea Breeze. Daytime. Stronger. Stronger
52 Wind: Sky diving. Ballooning. Hand Gliding. Gliders.
53 Wind: Thunderstorms.
54 Wind: Tornado. 100+ mph to well over 300mph.
55 Wind: Traveling. Auto/Aircraft/Sailing.
56 Wind: Turbulence behind aircraft.
57 Wind: Up & Down Drafts.
58 Wind: Used to build airport Runways/Homes.
59 Wind: Valley Breeze. Daytime. Warm.
60 Wind: Vortices: Rotating Wind
61 Wind: Water Spout.
62 Wind: Wet/Dry Monsoon. India. Japan. Southern US.
63 Wind: Whirlwinds & Dust Storms. Dust devils.
64 Wind: Wind and vegtation. Destroys crops.
65 Wind: Wind Chill Index.
66 Wind: Wind Direction indicator: Weather Vane.
67 Wind: Wind Erosion of mountains/buildings/bridges.
68 Wind: Wind In Layers at various altitudes.
69 Wind: Wind Mills. Very costly. Producing electricty.
70 Wind: Wind sculptured trees.
71 Wind: Wind Shear
72 Wind: Wind speed indicator: Anemometer. Aerovane.
73 Wind: Wind Targets. Doppler Radar. Moisture.
74 Wind: Wind Tunnel
75 Wind: Windy 20-30mph. Very windy 30-40mph. Strong 40+mph.
76 Wind: Zonal Flow Pattern: West to East: Milder Weather.
77 Wind: Zonal Flow. West-East. Lest Violent Weather.
78 Wind: 1. Planetary: Northeast Trade Winds.
79 Wind: 2. Synoptic Scale. Hurricanes, Cyclones
80 Wind: 3. Mesoscale: Thunderstorms
81 Wind: 4. Microscale: Tornado, Water Spouts
Wind Chill Index:
A 30 mph wind, combined with a temperature of 30 degs. F., can have
"Wind Chill Formula"
Wind Chill (°F) = 35.74 + 0.6215T - 35.75(V0.16) + 0.4275T(V0.16)
Many people work out of doors in winter and with more involvement in
winter sports, the wind chill index has become important in planning
outdoor activities in extreme cold temperatures.
Wind chill index (also called wind-chilled factor.) The cooling effect
of any combination of temperature and wind, expressed as the loss of body
heat in kilograms per hour per square meter of skin surface.
The term "wind chill" was coined by Antarctic Explorer Paul A. Siple in
1939. During the 1940s Paul Siple and Charles F. Passel conducted
experiments with the temperature and wind speed to develope the wind
chill formula.
Artic explorers and militay experts have developed what is called the
wind-chill index which shows the combined effects of the wind and the temperature
on exposed skin.
The wind chill index is only an approximation because how you actually
feel will also depend on other variables such as the type of clothing
worn, amount of exposed flesh, the amount of radiation, and your
physical condition at the time. These temperatures and the heat loss
valures are applicable to man and not inaniamte objects.
It has been shown through experiments that human flesh will freeze at a
temperature of 18 degs. F., and a wind speed of 22 mph in one hour, or
at -22 degs. F., with a 22 mph wind in one minute.
The following chart can be used to determine the wind chill effect.
The numbers in the left margin are the air temperature degrees F. The numbers
across the top are are wind speed in mph.
To find what the wind chill effect is with a temperature of 20 degs. F.
and a wind speed of 20 mph.
1. Find the wind speed of 20 mph at the top of the chart.
A 30 mph wind, combined with a temperature of 30 degs. F., can have
the same chilling effect upon you as a temperature of 15 degs. F., when
the wind is calm.
"Wind Chill Formula"
Wind Chill (°F) = 35.74 + 0.6215T - 35.75(V0.16) + 0.4275T(V0.16)
Wind Sock: An indicator that shows the wind direction.
Weather Radar: Radar designed for obsering weather.
Weather Satelites: Geosynchronous (GOES) A "Geosynchronous" (GOES) Geostationary Opernational Environment Satellite is one that is stationary positioned
above the equator at app. 23,000 miles above the earth while taking pictures of the latest weather patterns.
Weather Satelites: Polar Orbiting:A "Polar Orbiting" Weather Satelite is one that orbits from pole to pole at about 17,000 mph some
500 to 600 miles above the earth while taking pictures of the latest weather patterns.
"National Weather Service"
2. WSFO:.......Weather Service Forecast Office.
3. WFO:.........Weather Service Forecast Office.
4. WSO:.........Weather Service Office.
5. NCDC:........National Climatic Data Center.
6. NHC:.........National Hurricane Center.
7. NOAA:......National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration.
8. NSSFC:.....National Severe Storms Forecast Center.
9. RFC:..........River Forecast Center.
Weather Systems: Cold Core "Mid Atlantic" storms are "Cold Core" with the lowest temperatures at or near the center.
Weather Vane:
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has occurred or the atmospheric conditions are considered right for severe weather to occur.
WeatherWatches:Weather Watches area issued by the: National Weather Service when hazardous weather is imminent or observed.
Weighing Bucket Raingauge: A a very accurate weather instrument that is
used to measure precipitation that uses a scale to weigh the precipitation.
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Westerlies: Winds which blow from the west.
Wet Bulb Depression: The difference between the dry bulb and wet bulb temperature.
Example: Dry Bulb = 70 Degs. F. Wet Bulb = 60 degs. F. The Depression is 10 degrees.
Wet Bulb Temperature: The temperature obtained from a wet bulb thermometer to obtain the water vapor content (Relative Humidity) of the atmosphere.
Wet Bulb Thermometer: A thermometer covered with muslin to measure wet-bulb temperature.
WFO: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office
WFP: Warm Front Passage
Whirlwind: A rotating column of air.
Whitecap: The crest of a breaking wave which is white.
Willy-Willy: The same as a hurricane or cyclone near Australia.
Wind: Air in motion in relationship to the Earth's surface.
Wind: Head Wind: When facing into the wind the wind is coming toward you.
Wind flows from high pressure to low pressure.
Wind chill index (also called wind-chilled factor.) The cooling effect of any
combination of temperature and wind, expressed as the loss of body heat in
kilograms per hour per square meter of skin surface. The term "wind chill" was
coined by Antarctic Explorer Paul A. Siple in 1939.
During the 1940s Paul Siple and Charles F. Passel conducted experiments with
the temperature and wind speed to develope the wind chill formula.
the same chilling effect upon you as a temperature of 15 degs. F., when
the wind is calm.
"V" is the wind speed value in mph.
"T" is the temperature in °F.
Frostbite occurs in 15 minutes or less at wind chill
temp. of -18 Degs or lower.
Weather By Giannetta
Bath, Pa,
**Wind Chill Index**
2. Next, located 20 degs. F. at the left margin.
3. Find where these meet on the chart. This would be at 4 degs. F.
4. This is the wind chill effect. The combination of wind speed and
temperature.
**New Wind Chill Chart**
*Calm*
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
40°
36
34
32
30
29
28
28
27
35°
31
27
25
24
23
22
21
20
30°
25
21
19
17
16
15
14
13
25°
19
15
13
11
9
8
7
6
20°
13
9
6
4
3
1
0
1
15°
7
3
0
-2
-4
-5
-7
-8
10°
1
-4
-7
-9
-11
-12
-14
-15
5°
-5
-10
-13
-15
-17
-19
-21
-23
0°
-11
-16
-19
-22
-24
-26
-27
-29
-5°
-16
-22
-26
-29
-31
-33
-34
-36
-10°
-22
-28
-32
-35
-37
-39
-41
-43
-15°
-28
-35
-39
-42
-44
-46
-48
-50
-20°
-34
-41
-45
-48
-51
-53
-55
-57
*Temperature*
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"V" is the wind speed value in mph.
"T" is the temperature in °F.
Frostbite occurs in 15 minutes or less at wind chill
temp. of -18 Degs or lower.
Wind Direction: The direction
the wind is coming from.
"Wind Direction"
8 Points Of The Compass 16 Points Of The Compass
Dir. Degs. Dir. Degs. Dir. Degs. Dir. Degs.
------------------------- ---------------------------
N 360 | S 180 | | N 360 | S 180 |
N 10 | S 190 | | N 10 | S 190 |
N 20 | S 200 | | NNE 20 | SSW 200 |
NE 30 | SW 210 | | NNE 30 | SSW 210 |
NE 40 | SW 220 | | NE 40 | SW 220 |
NE 50 | SW 230 | | NE 50 | SW 230 |
NE 60 | SW 240 | | ENE 60 | WSW 240 |
E 70 | W 250 | | ENE 70 | WSW 250 |
E 80 | W 260 | | E 80 | W 260 |
E 90 | W 270 | | E 90 | W 270 |
E 100 | W 280 | | ESE 100 | W 280 |
E 110 | W 290 | | ESE 110 | WNW 290 |
SE 120 | NW 300 | | SE 120 | WNW 300 |
SE 130 | NW 310 | | SE 130 | NW 310 |
SE 140 | NW 320 | | SSE 140 | NW 320 |
SE 150 | NW 330 | | SSE 150 | NNW 330 |
S 160 | N 340 | | S 160 | NNW 340 |
S 170 | N 350 | | S 170 | N 350 |
------------------------- ---------------------------
Wind Gust: A quick change in wind speed.
Wind Sheer: A sudden change in wind direction producing shearing conditions.
Wind Shift: When the wind changes direction by 45 degrees or more in less than 15 minutes.
Wind Speed: The rate air moves by a set point.
Wind Vane:
Winter: The coldest time of the year between fall and spring.
Winter Soltice:
Winter Storm Watch: Severe winter weather may affect your area.
Winter Storm Waning: Severe winter weather is imminent in your area.
WMC:World Meteorological Center: Geneva, Switzerland.
World Meteorological Organization:WMO: World Meteorological Organization: Geneva, Switzerland.
WSFO:National Weather Service Forecast Office. Such as: Mount Holly, NJ.
WSR-57:Weather Radar designed in 1957.
WSR-74:Weather Radar designed in 1974.
WSR-88D:Weather Radar designed in 1988: Doppler Radar.
WW:A severe thunderstorm watch issued by the National Weather Service.
WX: Acronym for the word: "Weather".
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* * Gini & Charlie's Weather & Meteorology Glossary Page * *
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© 1998 - 2013 Charles A. Giannetta
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